Новая нагрудная камера с функцией распознавания лиц должна усложнить жизнь преступников и упростить работу полицейских
Государство, как известно, обладает монополией на насилие и на правосудие. Как оно работает, обыкновенный гражданин узнает разве что из заголовков новостей, хотя листья этого гигантского дерева наблюдает каждый день – это одетые в темную форму полицейские. Принято считать, что государство осведомлено о привычках и поведении граждан. Некоторых из них государство даже знает в лицо. Мы тоже можем посмотреть на их снимки – как правило, это темные фотороботы и фотокарточки, с которых на нас смотрят угрюмые лица. Встречаться с ними в темном переулке не хочется никому, кроме (наверное) желающего их поймать полицейского.
Но как полицейским их найти?
Компания NtechLab предложила компактную нагрудную камеру для полицейских, способную распознавать лица и сообщать о совпадениях с изображениями в базе разыскиваемых. Она похожа на обычные системы видеоаналитики, которые устанавливают на стадионах, чтобы не пускать футбольных хулиганов на матчи, или же стационарные камеры, вглядывающиеся в городской поток. Ее задача – усложнить жизнь преступника. Она не гарантирует поимку конкретного человека ни сейчас, ни в обозримом будущем, но на статистике и средних показателях ее внедрение сказаться, наверное, должно.
Система распознавания NtechLab тестировалась «Ростехом» в ходе прошлогоднего чемпионата мира по футболу: благодаря 500 камерам городского наблюдения, метрополитена, стадионов удалось задержать более 180 человек из базы правонарушителей, часть из них находилась в федеральном розыске, докладывала госкорпорация. «Систему не удалось обмануть никакими ухищрениями: один из фанатов, которому по решению суда запрещено посещение спортивных мероприятий, пять раз пытался проникнуть в фанзону, маскируясь то очками, то капюшоном, то кепкой, но это не помогло!» – радовался гендиректор «Ростеха» Сергей Чемезов. В Китае экспериментировали с умными очками для полицейских и поймали 25 человек.
Где можно было увидеть знаменитый телеэкран и лицо Старшего Брата из антиутопии Оруэлла «1984»? Правильно, везде, и возможность ускользнуть от их взгляда была привилегией.
В случае с переносными камерами их не только становится численно больше – они начинают перемещаться непредсказуемо для человека, желающего избежать их внимания, и ускоряют реакцию полицейского. По замерам самой NtechLab, ее камера обрабатывает до пяти лиц в секунду.
Еще один плюс распределенной системы распознавания лиц – преступнику предстоит думать не только о пути отступления, но и о пути, которым он попал на место действия: ведь видеозапись легко перемотать назад. А это еще сильнее затрудняет логистику нехороших людей.
Вряд ли стоит ждать быстрого эффекта от внедрения этой технологии: ведь камеры предстоит выпустить, оснастить ими полицейских, обучить их, проверить их навыки.
Наконец, стоит обдумать подход к измерению эффективности. С одной стороны, речь идет о конкретном бюджете и закупках оборудования. С другой стороны, в конечном счете камеры должны применяться для борьбы с преступностью, а значит – для спасения жизней. С одной стороны, они бесценны, а с другой – оценены в рублях: например, страховщики измеряют стоимость жизни, отталкиваясь от дохода, который человек мог бы принести семье (как правило, это 3–5 годовых доходов). Осталась сущая ерунда: сделать. Но здесь можно не беспокоиться. Как правило, когда речь идет о сокращении личного пространства, слежке и прочих ограничениях, государство действует довольно эффективно.
Павел Кантышев / Ведомости
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